Diabetes Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disease which is characterized by hyperglycemia caused by a defect in insulin secretion in insulin action, or both. According to WHO, the classic symptoms of diabetes mellitus diagnosis are the presence of polyuria, polydipsia and unexplained weight loss and / or hyperglycemia H 11.1 mmol / l (200 mg / dl) in a random or fasting (no caloric intake for 8 hours), with a level plasma glucose of 7.0 mmol / l (126 mg / dl) and / or a postprandial value of 11.1 mmol / l (200 mg / dl) (plasma glucose level after two hours in a test oral glucose tolerance). This test will be performed according to WHO criteria with a glucose load equivalent to 75 grams of anhydrous glucose dissolved in water. If there is unequivocal hyperglycaemia with acute metabolic decompensation, these criteria should be confirmed by repeating the test on another day (definition the EUDIP).
In 1997, WHO issued a new recommendation for the diagnosis and classification of diabetes mellitus, that distinguishes between types of diabetes mellitus following:
type 1 diabetes includes cases with absolute deficiency insulin, caused by the destruction of pancreatic beta cells that produce insulin. Type 1 is classified as type 1A (immune-mediated diabetes), where diabetes mellitus is stimulated by a reaction of immune system resistance, eg viral infections, and as type 1b (idiopathic diabetes), which appears by itself and not as a result of other diseases.
diabetes type 2 (DT2) encompasses all forms of diabetes with relative insulin deficiency, which can be caused by insulin resistance or defective insulin secretion. The previous classification of type 2a (normal weight) and 2b (overweight) is no longer valid. Type 2 diabetes is more common than type 1 diabetes, according to the WHO report Health in Europe 2002, 85-95% of diabetics suffer from DT2. Diabetes type
3 comprises all other specific forms, which are much less common than other diabetes: 3 A, associated with genetic defects of beta cells, 3 B, associated with genetic defects in the action of insulin, 3 C, a disease of the pancreas, 3 D, a disease caused by hormonal disorders, 3 E, induced by chemicals or drugs, 3 F, caused by infection, and 3 H, other genetic syndromes sometimes associated with diabetes.
Type 4 is gestational diabetes.
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